Ideas that have helped mankind

CLASS -12th  ENGLISH RAINBOW PART-2  SATYAM CLASSES TEGHRA 

                                     Lesson - 5

                     Ideas that have helped mankind - Bertrand Russell

                                                                 About poet

"Ideas that have helped mankind" is written by Bertrand Russell . He was born in 18th may 1872 in United Kingdom and died in 2 February 1970 in United Kingdom . He was a British philosopher , Mathematician , poet , social reformer  and Historian . He won the Nobel Prize in 1950 (Literature).

parents :- john russell, viscount Amberley

wives:-  Edith finch russell [1952-1970]

            Patricia spence [1936-1952]

            Dora russell [1921-1935]

            Alys pearsall smith [1894-1921]

Educated in :- Trinity college Cambridge

His important works are 

A history of western philosophy 

Human knowledge: it's scope and limits

Conquest of happiness

Roads to freedom 

Why I am not a Christian 

marriage and moral ,  etc.....

WORD MEANINGS (ENGLISH TO HINDI)

Conception - धारणा 

Diversity -      विविधिता 

Preliminary - प्रारंभिक 

Indubitable -  स्पष्ट  

Homo-sapiens -  मानव जाती 

Hirsute -       झबरा 

Congenitial - जन्मजात   

Catastrophe -  तबाही 

Curbing - नियंत्रण करना 

Erudite - ज्ञानबान 

Depredation - बर्बाद होना 

Multiplicity - बहुलता 

Brutes - जानवर 

Humane - दयालुता 

Propitious - शुभ 

Anthropologists - मानव विज्ञान शास्त्री 

Moloch - प्राचीन यहूदी देवता जिनके सामने बच्चो को बलि दि जाती है । (अच्छे फसल के लिए )

Evangelicals - ईसाई  धर्म पुस्तक सम्बन्धी 

Prerequisite - शर्त 

Thence - उधर से , इधर से 

Summary  of The lesson

Ideas that have helped mankind is an essay written by Bertrand Russel. In this essay he talks about growth of human civilization. He says that We are civilized today but thousands of years ago we were uncivilized. We were living in jungles and caves like animals. But today we are civilized. We have pleasure of Alcohol, music, poetry, Science and game but Animals don’t have. It is our intellect and moral qualities which makes us different from animals. The ideas that helped most to the mankind may be divided into two 

kinds. 

 (i) Those that contributed knowledge and technique 

 (ii) Those that were concerned with morals and politics. 

The writer is not sure whether the language began first or fire began first. He says that fire was used for cooking and thus the long history of cookery began. Writings like speech developed gradually in the form of pictures and speech. Thus 

the ideas that have helped mankind is about the growth of our thoughts.

Objective questions 

Answer the following questions :- 

1. The word 'development' is related to ........

(A) pace 

(B) ideas

(C) man

(D) theatre.  

Ans - Man

2. Bertrand Russell was born in ............

(A) 1872

(B) 1877

(C) 1875

(D) 1862        

Ans - 1872

3. Bertrand Russell was died in ............

(A) 1960

(B) 1970

(C) 1980

(D) 1999        

Ans - 1970

4. Long infancy was a biological advantage to .........

(A) Animal

(B) Birds 

(C) fishes 

(D) mankind      

Ans - Mankind

5. Bertrand Russell belonged to ..........

(A) Germany

(B) Australia

(C) India

(D) Britain         

Ans - Britain

6. Bertrand Russell got Nobel Prize in......... Literature. 

(A) 1940

(B) 1970

(C) 1950

(C) 1960.       

Ans - 1950

7. ……………… taught is to be more friendly towards others . 

(A) Civilization

(B) Craft's

(C) Mobile 

(C) Culture       

Ans - Civilization

8. Utilization of …………… become a milestone in human progress . 

(A) stone 

(B) fire

(C) cereal

(C) Water           

Ans - fire 

9. 'Ideas that have helped mankind' is written by............................

A. Bertrand Russell

B. Shiga Naoya

C. Germaine Greer

D. Peral S Buck   

 Ans - Bertrand Russell

10. ............. was also a commentator on a large variety of topics. 

A. Mahatma Gandhi

B. Dr. Zakir Hussain

C. Carry minati

D. Bertrand Russell.     

Ans - Bertrand Russell

11. In ........... the last step was never taken. 

A. India

B. China

C. Germany

D. Australia.      

Ans - China

12. Civilization taught us ............ 

A. To be friendly towards others

B. To be human

C. To be unlawful

D. To be rude or cruel

Ans- To be more friendly towards others 

13.  Bertrand Russell was a …………philosopher, historian, mathematical and social reformer . 

A. British

B. American

C. Egyptian

D. India        

Ans -British 

14. The most indubitable respect in which ideas have helped mankind is ........... 

A. Growth

B. Curbing

C. Fire

D. Number        

Ans :- Numbers 

15 .   survival was a ............ For Homo sapiens . 

A. No problem 

B. Problem 

C. Very easy 

D. Most easy       

Ans :- Problem

16. Ideas pay the way for.............

A. Building 

B. Development 

C. Emotions

D. Multiplicity         

Ans - Development 

17.  The taming of domestic animals made life-

A. Pleasanter

B. Fearful

C. Harmful

D. None of these     

 Ans :- pleasanter

18. Bird die of hunger in large numbers.............

A. During summer

B. During rainy season 

C. During winter

D. None of these       

Ans:- During Winter

19 . During summer birds.............

A. Remember this catastrophe

B. Forget this catastrophe 

C. Fear from this 

D. None of these         

Ans:- Forget this catastrophe

20 . The two broad categories of idea that have helped mankind ................

A. Concern & Humanity 

B. Knowledge & technique 

C. Technique & Skill 

D. Imagination & Knowledge

Ans :-  Concern & Humanity

P.no- 43 

B.1 Read the following sentences and write T for true and F for false statements. 

1. Ideas helped mankind .                    T

2. Survival was never a problem for homo Sapiens.                F

3.  long in fancy was a biological advantage to mankind .      T     

4. Men's earliest technical skill was devoted to increasing their population.   F

5.  Congenital skills a more important role role then the acquired skills .     T

6. Unlike birds , human being can foresee a catastrophe.       T

7. Forethought con avert physical danger.         T

8. The intelligent qualities account for the glory of man .        T

9. In a secure future there are neither worries nor lack of joy .       T 

P.no - 45 

B.2.1 Read the following sentences and write T for  true and F for false statements. 

1. Utilization of fire was a milestone in human progress.     T 

2.  Fire was used only for cooking.     F 

3. Domestication of animals had nothing to do with religion.    F 

4.  Our earliest form of writing was pictorial.   T 

5. Invention of agriculture was less important than the domestication of animals.    T    

6. In course of time we have progressed. T

Question answer 

Q1. Has Civilization taught us to be more friendly towards one another ?

Answer -  Yes , civilization has taught us to be more friendly towards one another . Birds do not treat , their elder as human beings do their elders providing an old - age pension . 

Q2. What is our attitude towards those ' Outside our herd ' ? 

Answer :- Our attitude towards those outside our heard is different from animals , our intelligence enables us to give them a scope which is denied to even the most savage beast . & it enable us to give them respect . 

Q3. What are the two broad categories of ideas that have helped mankind ? 

Answer :- The two main broad categories of idea that have helped mankind are those that are concentrated with moral and political .

Q4. Did language play a role in human development ? 

Answer :- Yes , languages played a important role in human development , at begin when language is not known it was very difficult to hand on inventions from one generation to another . 

Q5. How many languages do you know apart from your mother tongue ? Has it helped you in any way ? 

Answer :- I know some other languages apart from my mother language such as English , Sanskrit , Urdu , Bhojpuri etc. Yes , it has helped me in many ways such as to contact another person who does not know our mother tongue then we use English to express our feelings . English is widely spoken all over the world .